Frequently Asked Questions

Personal Injury Law

No. You can and should contact an attorney as soon as possible after your injury. An early consultation does not mean you have to file a lawsuit immediately. It means your attorney can begin preserving evidence, advising you on medical treatment, and protecting your rights while you focus on recovery.

For minors, the statute of limitations is generally tolled until the child turns 18. This means a child injured at age 10 would have until age 20 to file a lawsuit. Parents or legal guardians can also file on behalf of the child before the child reaches adulthood.

Yes, as long as you file within the statute of limitations period. Delayed symptoms are common in car accident cases, particularly for soft tissue injuries, concussions, and herniated discs. What matters is that you seek medical attention as soon as symptoms appear and that your physician documents the connection between the accident and your injury.

The statute of limitations governs lawsuits filed in court. Insurance claims have their own timelines dictated by your policy terms. However, the threat of a lawsuit is what gives your insurance claim leverage, so letting the statute expire effectively eliminates your bargaining power with the insurer as well.

If you file your lawsuit after the statute of limitations has expired, the defendant will file a motion to dismiss, and the court will almost certainly grant it. There are very few exceptions, and courts enforce these deadlines strictly. Once your right to sue is lost, it cannot be recovered.

You are not legally required to hire an attorney, but studies consistently show that accident victims who are represented by counsel receive significantly higher settlements than those who handle claims on their own. An attorney handles the investigation, negotiates with the insurance companies, and fights for your full compensation so you can focus on getting better.

Every case is different. The value of your claim depends on the severity of your injuries, the cost of your medical treatment, your lost wages and earning capacity, the degree of the other driver’s negligence, and the insurance coverage available. An experienced personal injury attorney can evaluate the full scope of your damages after reviewing your medical records and the facts of the accident.

You are not required to give a recorded statement to the other driver’s insurer. We strongly recommend consulting with an attorney before having any substantive conversation with them. Insurance adjusters are skilled at asking questions designed to get you to minimize your injuries or accept partial blame.

Florida has one of the highest rates of uninsured motorists in the country. If the at-fault driver has no insurance or not enough insurance to cover your damages, you may be able to file a claim under your own uninsured/underinsured motorist (UM/UIM) coverage. This is one reason why carrying UM/UIM coverage is so important for Florida drivers.

Florida’s statute of limitations gives you two years from the date of the accident to file a personal injury lawsuit. If a loved one was killed in the crash, the family has two years from the date of death to file a wrongful death claim. Missing this deadline almost always means losing your right to seek compensation through the courts.

Criminal Defense Law

An attorney can challenge the legality of the traffic stop, the accuracy of field sobriety tests, the calibration and administration of the breathalyzer, and the procedures followed during your arrest. Procedural errors by law enforcement can result in evidence being suppressed or charges being reduced or dismissed entirely.

Florida law does not require that your BAC exceed 0.08% for a DUI conviction. If law enforcement determines that your normal faculties were impaired by alcohol or drugs, you can be charged regardless of your BAC. This includes impairment from prescription medications, marijuana, and other controlled substances.

In many cases, yes. A hardship license allows you to drive for work, school, medical appointments, and other essential purposes during your suspension period. Eligibility depends on the specifics of your case, and you must typically complete DUI school and apply through the Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles.

Yes. Unlike some states, Florida does not allow DUI convictions to be expunged or sealed. A DUI will remain on your criminal record permanently, which can affect employment, housing applications, professional licensing, and immigration status.

You can, but there are consequences. Florida’s implied consent law means that by driving on Florida roads, you have already consented to chemical testing if lawfully arrested for DUI. Refusing a breathalyzer results in an automatic one-year license suspension for a first refusal and an 18-month suspension for a second refusal. A second refusal is also a misdemeanor criminal offense.

In some cases, yes. Pre-charge intervention by an experienced attorney can present the defendant’s position to prosecutors, provide exculpatory evidence, and argue against prosecution. This strategy is most effective when the attorney is engaged early in the investigation, before a charging decision has been made.

Never speak with investigators without consulting an attorney first. Cooperation can be valuable in some circumstances, but it must be structured carefully through a formal cooperation agreement that protects your rights. Unstructured cooperation without legal counsel can produce statements that are used against you.

Penalties depend on the amount involved. Fraud involving $750 to $20,000 is a third-degree felony (up to 5 years). Fraud involving $20,000 to $100,000 is a second-degree felony (up to 15 years). Fraud exceeding $100,000 is a first-degree felony (up to 30 years). Federal fraud charges carry up to 20 or 30 years per count depending on the specific statute.

Yes. Many white collar offenses, including wire fraud, mail fraud, bank fraud, securities fraud, and tax evasion, are federal crimes. Cases involving interstate transactions, substantial dollar amounts, or federal agencies are frequently prosecuted in the United States District Court rather than state court.

White collar crime is a broad category of financially motivated, non-violent criminal offenses committed through deception, including fraud, embezzlement, money laundering, tax evasion, identity theft, forgery, and public corruption. These offenses are prosecuted under both state and federal law.

Intellectual Property Law

Costs vary by the type and scope of protection. A federal trademark registration starts at $250 per class in USPTO filing fees. Copyright registration is typically under $100. Patent applications are the most expensive, starting at several thousand dollars for legal and filing fees. An IP attorney can help you prioritize your filings based on business need and budget to ensure you get the most value from your investment.

A trade secret is confidential business information that provides a competitive advantage, such as a proprietary recipe, manufacturing process, customer list, or pricing strategy. Unlike patents, trade secrets do not require registration. Protection lasts as long as the information remains secret. Florida’s Uniform Trade Secrets Act provides legal remedies if a trade secret is misappropriated. Some businesses choose trade secret protection over a patent when they can maintain secrecy indefinitely.

Copyright protection is automatic upon creation, but registration is strongly recommended. Without a federal registration, you cannot file a lawsuit for infringement in federal court, and your ability to recover statutory damages and attorney’s fees is limited. Registration is relatively inexpensive and provides significantly stronger legal protections.

The patent examination process at the USPTO typically takes two to three years for a utility patent, though complex inventions can take longer. Design patents are generally processed faster, often within 12 to 18 months. Working with a patent attorney from the outset ensures your application is thorough and reduces the likelihood of rejections that extend the timeline.

A business name alone cannot be copyrighted because names and short phrases are not eligible for copyright protection. A logo may be eligible for copyright if it contains sufficient original creative expression, but the appropriate protection for a business name and logo in a commercial context is trademark registration, not copyright.

As a registered trademark owner, you have the legal right to send cease-and-desist letters, file complaints with online platforms to remove infringing content, and file a federal lawsuit seeking damages, injunctive relief, and attorney’s fees. An IP attorney can advise on the most effective enforcement strategy based on the nature and scope of the infringement.

It depends. If the existing user operates in a completely different industry and geographic market, your application may succeed. However, if there is any likelihood of confusion between the two marks in terms of the goods, services, or target audience, the USPTO will likely refuse your application. This is why a comprehensive search before filing is essential.

A federal trademark is still the stronger option, even for Florida-only businesses. It provides nationwide protection, prevents others from registering a confusingly similar mark anywhere in the country, and gives you access to federal courts if you ever need to enforce your rights. If you plan to expand, sell online, or license your brand, federal registration becomes even more important.

Federal trademark registration typically takes 8 to 12 months from filing to registration if there are no complications. If the USPTO issues an office action or a third party files an opposition, the timeline can extend to 18 months or longer.

A federal trademark application starts at $250 per class through TEAS Plus or $350 per class through TEAS Standard. Attorney fees for a full-service trademark registration, including the search, application, and any office action responses, typically range from $1,000 to $2,500 depending on complexity. A Florida state trademark costs $87.50 per class.

Sports & Entertainment Law

Contract review fees vary, but they are a fraction of the financial exposure you face if you sign a bad deal. Many sports attorneys offer flat-rate contract review services. The cost of a legal review is an investment in protecting your earning potential, your eligibility, and your future.

The consequences depend on the terms of the agreement. Breaching a third-party deal could result in the brand seeking damages or withholding payment. Breaching a revenue-sharing contract with your school could trigger liquidated damages provisions requiring you to return money already received. These disputes are increasingly being litigated in court, and having legal representation from the start is the best way to avoid or manage them.

Schools cannot force athletes to sign revenue-sharing agreements, but the practical reality is that athletes who decline may miss out on significant compensation. Before signing, have your own attorney review the contract to ensure the terms are fair and that you understand the transfer restrictions and financial obligations involved.

Yes. The College Sports Commission requires that all third-party NIL contracts valued at $600 or more be reported through the NIL Go platform within the established deadline. Failure to report can jeopardize your eligibility, regardless of how the contract is labeled.

Yes. Florida does not prohibit high school athletes from entering NIL agreements, and the NIL marketplace has increasingly expanded to include high school athletes with significant social media followings or competitive profiles. However, contracts involving minors require parental consent and raise additional legal considerations, including whether earnings should be placed in a protected trust account.

An entertainment lawyer specializes in the legal issues unique to creative industries: intellectual property, content licensing, talent agreements, royalty structures, union and guild regulations, and platform-specific legal considerations. A general business lawyer may not have expertise in these areas. If your income comes from creating content, you want an attorney who understands the entertainment business.

Copyright protection is automatic upon creation, but registration is strongly recommended. Without a registered copyright, you cannot file a federal infringement lawsuit, and your ability to recover statutory damages and attorney’s fees is limited. Registration is relatively inexpensive and provides significantly greater legal protection.

Templates can serve as a starting point, but they are not a substitute for a customized agreement reviewed by an attorney. Every brand deal is different, and a template cannot account for the specific terms, exclusivity provisions, payment structures, and content rights that apply to your situation. Using a generic template is better than no contract at all, but it leaves gaps that can be exploited.

Fees vary depending on the scope of work. Many entertainment lawyers offer flat-rate contract reviews, which typically range from a few hundred to a few thousand dollars depending on the complexity of the agreement. For ongoing representation, some lawyers work on retainer. The cost of legal counsel is almost always less than the cost of a bad contract.

The best time is before you sign your first significant contract. If a brand, platform, or production company is offering you money, you need a lawyer to review the terms. Many creators wait until something goes wrong, by which point the damage is already done. Early legal counsel prevents expensive problems down the road.

Civil Rights Law

An arraignment is the court proceeding where you formally enter a plea of guilty, not guilty, or no contest to the charges against you. In Martin County, arraignments typically occur within 30 days of the arrest for misdemeanors and within a similar timeframe for felonies. Your attorney will advise you on the appropriate plea and overall defense strategy before this hearing.

An arrest record can appear on background checks even if you are never convicted. However, Florida law allows you to petition the court to seal or expunge your arrest record in certain circumstances, particularly if the charges were dropped, dismissed, or resulted in an acquittal. Eligibility depends on the specific charge and your criminal history.

If the judge sets a bond you cannot afford, you have two options. A bail bondsman will typically post the full bond on your behalf for a non-refundable fee of 10% of the bond amount. Alternatively, your attorney can file a motion for bond reduction, presenting evidence to the court that a lower bond is appropriate given your financial circumstances and ties to the community.

Yes. Florida law permits warrantless arrests when an officer has probable cause to believe a felony has been committed, when a misdemeanor is committed in the officer’s presence, or under certain domestic violence provisions. However, the arrest must still be supported by sufficient facts, and the legality of a warrantless arrest can be challenged by your attorney.

Immediately. The earlier an attorney is involved, the more they can do to protect your rights. An attorney can be present at your first appearance hearing, communicate with prosecutors on your behalf, and begin investigating the case before evidence is lost or witnesses become unavailable.

The statute of limitations for most Section 1983 claims in Florida is four years from the date of the violation. However, specific circumstances may affect the applicable deadline, and early consultation with an attorney ensures that important deadlines are not missed.

Compensatory damages for physical injury, emotional distress, and financial harm. Punitive damages in cases of egregious misconduct. Attorney fees under 42 U.S.C. Section 1988. Injunctive and declaratory relief to prevent future violations.

Yes. Under Monell v. Department of Social Services, municipalities can be liable under Section 1983 when an official policy, custom, failure to train, or ratification by a policymaker caused the constitutional violation. These claims require proof of a pattern or policy, not just a single officer’s misconduct.

Qualified immunity is a legal doctrine that protects government officials from personal liability unless their conduct violated a clearly established constitutional right that a reasonable official would have known. Overcoming qualified immunity requires showing that the specific right was established by existing case law at the time of the violation.

A Section 1983 claim is a federal lawsuit brought against a state or local government official who has violated an individual’s constitutional or federal statutory rights while acting under color of state law. Common claims involve excessive force, false arrest, malicious prosecution, First Amendment retaliation, and due process violations.

Business Litigation Law

Yes. Temporary restraining orders and preliminary injunctions are available when the business can demonstrate a likelihood of success on the merits, a substantial threat of irreparable harm, that the threatened harm outweighs the harm the injunction may cause to the opposing party, and that the injunction serves the public interest. We pursue emergency relief in non-compete, trade secret, and other cases where immediate action is required.

Mediation is a facilitated negotiation in which a neutral mediator helps the parties reach a voluntary agreement. The mediator does not decide the case. Arbitration is a proceeding in which a neutral arbitrator hears evidence and arguments and issues a binding decision. Arbitration is faster and less formal than court litigation but produces a final, enforceable result.

The answer depends on the strength of the case, the potential damages, the cost of continued litigation, and the business relationship between the parties. Settlement provides certainty and avoids the risk of an adverse verdict. Trial provides a definitive resolution when settlement terms are unacceptable. We advise clients on the economics and strategy of both options.

Attorney fees are recoverable if the contract includes a prevailing party fee provision, if the claim falls under a statute that provides for fees (such as FDUTPA), or if the opposing party’s conduct warrants sanctions. Otherwise, each party typically bears its own attorney fees under the American Rule.

The timeline varies based on the complexity of the case, the volume of discovery, and the court’s schedule. Simple breach of contract cases may resolve within six to twelve months. Complex multi-party commercial disputes may take two years or longer to reach trial. Many cases settle before trial once discovery reveals the strength of each party’s position.